What are the keys of the Kingdom?
Jesus spoke in Revelation chapter 3:
7 “And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write, ‘These things says He Who is Holy, He Who is True, “He Who has the key of David, He Who opens and no one shuts, and shuts and no one opens”:
The “keys of the Kingdom” are mentioned in one of the most significant passages in the Gospel of Matthew.
Jesus spoke in Matthew chapter 16:
15 Jesus said to them (the disciples), “But who do you say that I am?”
16 Simon Peter answered and said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God.”
17 Jesus answered and said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father Who is in Heaven.
18 And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
19 And I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound (already forbidden) in Heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed (or already released) in Heaven.”
To understand what Jesus meant, it helps to examine the context, the symbolism of keys, and how the rest of Scripture reveals this Truth.
The Context
Just before Jesus speaks of the keys, Simon Peter declares:
“You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
Jesus tells Peter this understanding came from the Father, then says:
- “I will build My church.”
- “The gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.”
- “I will give you the keys of the Kingdom.”
These statements all concern the establishment and expansion of Christ’s Kingdom on the earth.
What Do Keys Represent?
Throughout the Bible, keys symbolize authority.
A key gives someone authority to:
- Open what is closed.
- Close what is open.
- Grant or deny access.
- Act on behalf of the owner.
One of the clearest Old Testament backgrounds is Isaiah 22:22:
“I will place on his shoulder the key of the house of David; what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.” The key belonged to the king but was entrusted to his steward, who exercised delegated authority.
Jesus, the Son of David, is the True King. He possesses all authority and entrusts Kingdom responsibilities to His followers.
What Are the Keys?
The keys are not physical objects and are generally understood as representing authority to proclaim and administer the Kingdom of God.
This authority includes:
- proclaiming the Gospel,
- declaring the conditions for entering God’s Kingdom,
- exercising Spiritual discipline within the church,
- teaching Christ’s Truth faithfully.
The authority comes from Christ—not from human power.
Peter’s Use of the Keys
The book of Acts shows Peter using these keys in a remarkable sequence.
1. Jews (Acts 2)
On the Day of Pentecost, Peter preaches.
About 3,000 people believe and are baptized.
The Kingdom is opened to Israel.
2. Samaritans (Acts 8)
Peter confirms the inclusion of the Samaritans.
The long-standing division between Jews and Samaritans begins to disappear within the church.
3. Gentiles (Acts 10)
Peter is sent to the house of Cornelius.
The Holy Spirit falls upon Gentiles just as He had upon Jewish believers.
The Kingdom is now clearly opened to the nations.
Notice Peter never claims personal ownership of the Kingdom. He simply opens the door by preaching Christ.
Binding and Loosing
Immediately after mentioning the keys, Jesus says:
“Whatever you bind…whatever you loose…”
In first-century Jewish language:
- bind often meant to forbid or declare something prohibited.
- loose meant to permit or release.
In the church this authority includes:
- declaring God’s Truth,
- forgiving sins through the proclamation of the Gospel (not by personal power),
- exercising church discipline according to Christ’s teaching.
Importantly, Jesus gives similar authority to all the apostles in Matthew 18:18 in the context of church discipline, suggesting this authority was not exclusive to Peter.
Peter represents the apostles and, in a broader sense, the church’s ministry of proclaiming the Gospel. The “keys” belong to Christ but are exercised by the church under His authority.
Who Ultimately Has the Keys?
The New Testament ultimately says that Jesus Himself possesses the supreme keys.
The Beloved Disciple recorded what he heard and saw in Revelation chapter 1:
17 When I saw Jesus, I fell down at his feet as good as dead, but He laid His Right Hand on me and I heard His reassuring Voice saying: Don’t yield to fear. I am the Beginning and I am the End,
18 the Living One! I was dead, but now look—I am alive forever and ever. And I hold the keys that unlock death and the unseen world.
This passage reminds us that all delegated authority belongs first to Christ.
Practical Meaning for Believers Today
The keys of the kingdom remind believers that Christ has entrusted His church with the responsibility to:
- faithfully preach the Gospel,
- invite people into God’s Kingdom through faith in Jesus,
- teach Biblical Truth,
- exercise Loving church discipline when necessary,
- proclaim forgiveness to those who repent and warn those who reject Christ.
The church does not create salvation or decide who is saved. Rather, it announces the terms established by the King.
To Summarize:
The “keys of the Kingdom” represent Christ’s delegated authority to open the Kingdom through the proclamation of the Gospel and faithful administration of His Truth.
Peter first exercised this authority by opening the Gospel to Jews, Samaritans, and Gentiles in Acts. Yet the ultimate authority always belongs to Jesus Christ, Who alone holds the highest keys over Life, death, and God’s Kingdom.
The keys given to us, are not about ruling over people but about advancing Christ’s Kingdom through Truth, the Gospel, and obedience to the King.